Even though students may be able to point to differences. Marine conservation is driven by the manifested negative effects being seen in our environment such as. The antarctic and southern oceans are teeming with life, yet protection measures are weak as the continent faces increased threats from fishing, tourism and science programs, according to a. And since the world is covered with approximately 70% water, the amount of life in the oceans is enormous. The most serious threats to marine biodiversity are. Marine ecosystems importance of biodiversity freshwater. Marine environments are highly vulnerable to threats such as overfishing, climate change, pollution, maritime transportation, agricultural runoff and invasive species. The different levels of biodiversity include ecosystem diversity, species diversity, and genetic diversity. Environmental justice foundation protecting marine. Protecting marine biodiversity with new conservation. This covers everything from detection issues whether or not a species is in a particular area, species distribution models to predict where a species should be given habitat andor physical attributes, climate change predictions, to reserve. Most records, however, come from the exclusive economic zone eez around the continent of australia itself. Marine conservation strategies, compared to that of terrestial ecosystem suffer from lack of attention and paucity of information on resources norris, 1993.
Increasing marine protected area coverage for effective marine biodiversity conservation. The using of bomb isnt only lead the fish to death but also damaging the coral reef so badly. January 2009 geofile online 583 sally garrington threats. Global marine biodiversity odyssey expeditions summer programs. Banks rarely address biodiversity issues in isolation or under a specific biodiversity policy. They can use various way to do fisheries such as the using of trawl, bomb, and dope. Human activities are causing a loss of biological diversity among animals and plants globally estimated at 50. Scientific and technological challenges 34 photo 2. Here are biodiversity s biggest threats, and what we can do to fight them. This covers everything from detection issues whether or not a species is in a particular area, species distribution models to predict where a species should be. Understanding, preventing and mitigating the signithcant adverse impacts on marine and coastal biodiversity most prominent threats to marine ecosystems, and support healthy and resilient oceans as a critical aspect of achieving sustainable development.
Facts and figures on the threats to our marine ecosystems. Pdf an analysis of threats to marine biodiversity and. The loss of marine biodiversity is increasingly impairing the oceans capacity to. Tiny marine plants called phytoplankton release half of all. Paul snelgrove convenor, edward vanden berghe, patricia miloslavich, phil archambault, nicolas bailly, angelika brandt, ann. This metadata record is the intellectual property of csaproquest, and was licensed for use under a contract with the usgs to support scientific research and understanding. Many marine plants and animals contain a multitude of substances being used, or identified as being of potential use, in medicines. Global patterns in marine biodiversity contributors. May 23, 2015 biodiversity is vital to keep all life on earth healthy, balanced and thriving. The biodiversity, diversity in life forms, suffers greater threat from degradation, habitat fragmentation. Marine biodiversity therefore refers to the species richness and abundance in the worlds oceans and seas. The diversity of societies, cultures and languages that has developed throughout human history is intimately related to biodiversity and its use. Gray biological institute, university of oslo, pb 1064 blindern, 0316 oslo, norway received 7 november 1995. The european environment agencys eea new short assessment of marine biodiversity takes a closer look at the less known half of eu territory.
The ocean is the source of life and livelihood for a growing global. One ocean, many worlds of life 3 creams, sauces, and pastes, are mixed into paint and used to make paper and even in skin lotion and toothpaste. But our fishing addiction and environmentally destructive fishing techniques are changing the very nature of our oceans and putting its vast and varied biodiversity at risk. Marine areas designated and managed by law or other e. At the other end, we have taxa like echinoderms or poly. The objectives of this legally binding global treaty are the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, as well as a fair sharing of the benefits of the utilization of genetic resources. Freshwater, coastal, and marine ecosystems are rich in biodiversity and. The european environment agencys eea new short assessment of marine biodiversity takes a. Scientists and policy makers increasingly see the introduction of alien species as a major threat to marine biodiversity and a contributor to environmental change. Theme c understanding pressures on the marine environment 20152017 theme d biophysical, economic and social assessments.
Biodiversity threats weston w sechrest,university of virginia, charlottesville, virginia, usa thomas m brooks, center for applied biodiversity science conservation international, washington dc, usa any direct or indirect human activity that threatens the planets biological diversity in the. Habitat destruction most of the earths ecosystems have been modified in some way by human activities, and as the human population reached 6 billion during the final years. Intergovernmental conference on marine biodiversity of areas. One of the most important components of conservation ecology is arguably the focus on robust methods to predict biodiversity. Climate change, pollution, acidification, overexploitation of fish stocks, invasive alien species all threaten life in our seas and consequently the services we obtain from them. Marine and coastal biodiversity convention biological diversity. Coastal and marine biodiversity conservation in india. Marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in the territorial waters of the. Marine and coastal habitats cover a diverse spectrumfrom those near terrestrial environment such as coral reefs, mangrove forests, seagrass beds, and.
Biodiversity can be defined in several ways, but it generally refers to the number of species types in a particular ecosystem. Marine biodiversity in europe is threatened by the fact that many of the goods and services provided by marine ecosystems are exploited in a nonsustainable way. Introduction to the global ocean biodiversity initiative. Homogenization of marine biodiversity 6 consequences of biodiversity loss.
Pawar veer wajekar arts, science and commerce college, mahalan vibhag, phunde, tal. Describe 2 ecological or economic services done by coral reefs. Global marine biodiversity odyssey expeditions summer. This meeting will bring together scientists, practitioners, and policy makers to discuss and advance our understanding of the importance and current state of biodiversity in the marine environment. Marine biodiversity loss due to global warming and predation, study predicts. Coastal marine biodiversity challenges and threats 59 use, implying that at this stage it is important to take measures to regulate or mitigate the impacts of global change in the coastal environment.
Ijmbr 4 2016 3545 issn 2053180x anthropogenic threats to coastal and marine biodiversity. Marine biodiversity is higher in benthic rather than pelagic systems, and in coasts rather than the open ocean since there is a greater range of habitats near the coast. Marine biodiversity is the theme of this years international day for biodiversity 22 may. The loss of biodiversity is dangerous and its consequences are immediate. Oceans cover about 70% of our planets surface area and there are an estimated 250,000 marine species. Marine biodiversity conservation in areas beyond national. The world conference on marine biodiversitywcmbhome.
Anthropogenic threats to coastal and marine biodiversity. Ms word version available on the documents page for the. Scientific and technological challenges 36 taxon groombridge and jenkins this paper 2000 bacteria 4,800 4,800 1, 2 cyanophyta 1,000 3 chlorophyta 7,000 2,500 3 phaeophyta 1,500 1,600 3 rhodophyta 4,000 6,200 3 other protoctistaa 23,000 bacillariophyta 5,000 3 euglenophyta 250 3 chrysophyceae 500 3. Marine conservation, also known as ocean conservation, refers to the study of marine plants and animal resources and ecosystem functions. Marine biodiversity is under threat from a range of factors, but i would like to focus on the impacts of fishing on biodiversity, and specifically overfishing of marine species and communities and associated ecosystem changes, mortality of nontarget species, and the. Habitat loss is the next threats to marine biodiversity. It is the protection and preservation of ecosystems in oceans and seas through planned management in order to prevent the exploitation of these resources. Environmental justice foundation protecting marine biodiversity. The main threats to biodiversity are summarised in figure 4. Can we predict the global magnitude of marine biodiversity. The institute of food and agricultural sciences ifas is an equal opportunity institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to. The exploration of marine biodiversity scientific and.
Vivekanandan 1ministry of environment and forests, cgo complex, new delhi 110 003 email. Marine biodiversity conservation in areas beyond national jurisdiction agenda items 26. Nesp marine biodiversity hub research for understanding and managing australias marine biodiversity. Abandonment, cessation of grazing and overgrowth of open seminatural habitats, including forest glades. The tropical marine ecosystems bordering the indian subcontinent contain a large number of species of. Pdf marine ecosystems and aquatic habitats face a number of threats from humans. Threats to marine biodiversity slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising.
With fewer species, ecosystems cannot recover from disturbance as effectively. Compared to what is known about terrestrial ecosystems, relatively little is understood about marine environments, and about marine biodiversity in particular. Fisherman will do anything to catch their prey as much as they can. Marine biodiversity loss due to global warming and predation. The terrestrial pattern of increasing diversity from poles to tropics occurs from the arctic to the tropics but does not. Threats to marine ecosystems 451 over human history, marine. Uk marine biodiversity provides us with crucial goods and services. The major threats to biodiversity are all directly related to human land use, and include. However, a few banks employ experts in biodiversity and appear to be those doing the most to assess and manage biodiversity risk. Media frenzy over the discovery of the yeti crab, kiwa hirsuta. Jul 26, 2011 one of the most important components of conservation ecology is arguably the focus on robust methods to predict biodiversity.
In some cases, marine ecosystems are threatened to the extent that their structure and function is being jeopardised. The growth of human populations, consumption levels, and mobility is the root of most of the serious threats to biodiversity today. Threats to aquatic biodiversity threats to freshwater species 20% of freshwater fishes extinct or in serious decline extinctatrisk salmonsteelhead runs outnumber healthy by 3. The highest species diversity occurs in the indonesian archipelago and decreases radially from there. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. As these marine introductions, intentional and accidental, can result from numerous human mediated activities, management responses need to cover a diverse range of human activity. Many of our marine and coastal ecosystems are on the brink of collapse. First, it is rare that humans intend to make a species go extinct or to threaten biodiversity in some other way.
While learning about the negative impacts of humans on biodiversity, please keep a few things in mind. Moreover, this collection is the first global effort to compile and organize all known information about marine biodiversity in the worlds oceans. Intergovernmental conference on marine biodiversity of areas beyond national. The entire australian marine jurisdictional area, including offshore and subantarctic islands, is considered in this paper. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. From the hot arid deserts of the sahara, through the lush green rainforests of the amazon, to the ocean depths and bright corals, our natural world is a marvel of different landscapes, materials, colours and textures.
952 146 233 361 23 1303 1451 72 559 433 453 573 321 1015 338 409 1067 1457 1055 1411 1280 905 536 1289 885 759 1291 486